Thursday, 25 June 2020

Cultural Lag, Cultural Collapse, and Cultural Hope


Cultural Lag
Cultural lag is that phenomenon summed up by the old chestnut that “Politics is downstream from culture”. Indeed, it goes further: “Culture is downstream from culture”! “Culture” today was seeded 50 years ago and 80 years ago and 230 year ago and so forth. What is bred in the bone comes out in the flesh, yes – but a child still takes many years to grow to maturity!

This fact – that culture is a process of development, not an event, and that it involves strengthening and diminishing tendencies, not simple binaries of “then” and “now” – is very useful to understand. For instance:

How could Kirk be so prophetic, some 30 years ago, of our very moment when he predicted “that perfect freedom of expression, including street demonstrations by militant factions, would be not merely guaranteed, but encouraged” and the demands of such factions would include “ordinary police directed by citizens’ committees” and “that every demand for more abundant rights be more promptly satisfied”? Why have conservatives been complaining about the same doomsday since 1789, even though (we are told) it never comes? Well, it is in the first line of Dawson’s (awesomely) prophetic Judgement of the Nations: “A hundred years is a relatively short period.” Combine this with the title of Weaver’s most famous book – on cultural development! – “Ideas Have Consequences”. Ideas have consequences – over time.

The Jacobins, spearheaded intellectually by Paine, sought in 1792 to flatten out all question of economic distinction based on background. The idea – never executed, though first Brisotte and then Robespierre were – was to remove all inheritance of property and instead grant every citoyen a basic inheritance (call it a Universal Basic Inheritance) of land and cash upon their attaining majority. The surging idea of UBI is not new, even if it takes a different, more restrictive form (monthly cash payments, not property) and claims to address different problems (automation and the inequality of globalised wealth). It is much closer to success now than in 1792. In general, abstract rage against inequality of any kind now is the development of the tendency of the Revolution. Do consider how the Revolution worked out for its architects.

Marx, is, then, a development of that tendency; so is Mao. Gramsci, in many ways the brightest of the Marxians, was a descendant in the 1930s of Condorcet and Robespierre and Marx, and a junior contemporary of Mao (though I gather Gramsci was more decent than any of those bigots, fantasists, and megalomaniacs). Gramsci’s child, Hegemonic Marxism – the capture of the ridges and bulwarks of cultural production, that is, education and media – was in seed during 1968. Now, the soixant-huitards are in charge and their more radical children demand their revolution be completed. It is all a development of a tendency, which may sometimes burst violently into public consciousness like ivy breaching a window seal, but has been growing apace the whole time.

We are seeing the full fruit of ideas in motion over the course of centuries. We may see the result as triumph or disaster, but it is not sudden.

Cultural Collapse
Again, whether one sees present events as triumph or disaster, it is undeniably a collapse. It is not a sudden collapse, to reiterate the previous point; one can look to the recurrent metaphysical despair of the Adams dynasty (as Kirk does in The Conservative Mind) over 130 years for precedent. Slow-motion it may be, but it is a collapse, and the avalanche is quicker as it gains momentum further down the hill. (It is why the bottom of the slippery slope comes up so quickly.)

The facade of Western culture – long rotted out – is finally being torn down. It is being torn down literally – Rhodes must fall! – and metaphorically, as elites are exposed as fundamentally in agreement with the revolutionaries as to the objectives, disagreeing only on means and timing. There is nothing more pathetically amusing than to hear, say, a lawyer or University professor or actress denounce the “unjust elites” for their oppression of ethnic or social minorities. Those lawyers and professors and performers already are elites, and all the other elites agree with them! It is a deaf self-denunciation, with each monied atabeg and beylik shouting more loudly than the previous just how wicked they are – and that is why they ought to be listened to and trusted with revolutionary power.

That the whole matter has been long in the growing is clear from the worldwide spark – a horrid murder by a figure of authority, with racial overtones and details unique to the nation in which it happened. Of course it is manifestly absurd to cheaply translate the problem of race in America to the United Kingdom (where white working-class boys have the worst outcomes by many measures) or France and Belgium (where the racial issues are quite different on the whole). That does not mean there are no issues surrounding race in the UK or France or Belgium – there are! – but destructive riots and 8 minute 46 second religious rituals are not truly inspired by events in America. They are a cultural tendency – a cultural collapse – come to rotten fruition.

You may enjoy the fruit, as perverse as that may be, and you may gladly anticipate what will grow next (or rather, has been growing). This may be a positive development. But we must recognize that the prevalent cultural lag in the West has led to a clear cultural collapse. There is no denying the collapse – no serious resistance can be found amongst those in power across several nations, merely anxious admonitory pleadings. Collapses are sanguinary and sad things, even if we are glad for them; the demolitioned tower block may have been hideous, but is there not poignancy in its fall?

The lesson we must learn from this – aside from not being too giddy at the destruction of a great building and institution, no matter how deeply we might have opposed its activities – is that though there may be a lag of centuries for ideas to have consequences, consequences they will have. A hundred years is a very short time, all told.           

Cultural Hope
Philosophical conservatives tend to pessimism. The Marquess of Salisbury is eminently quotable, and even more so when you add the apocryphal items, such as the following: “Change? Change? Aren’t things bad enough as they are?” Things are bad, have been getting worse, and can only get worse. To many conservatives, that is the mantra. The only duty of the conservative in public life is to squeeze the brakes as hard as possible, so that our descent from the Golden Age is slowed. It cannot be stopped.

This is, I think, a pagan pessimism, uncorrected by its proper companion, the Christian idea of ascent. Unrestrained progressivism has a secularised Christian optimism; unrestrained conservatism has a half-christianised Pagan nihilism. Chesterton sums it up well: “The whole modern world has divided itself into Conservatives and Progressives. The business of Progressives is to go on making mistakes. The business of Conservatives is to prevent mistakes from being corrected.”

The balanced conservative recalls other words of Chesterton’s, put into King Alfred the Great’s mouth, as that luminary warns the pagans of their doom:
"That though you hunt the Christian man
          Like a hare on the hill-side,
          The hare has still more heart to run
          Than you have heart to ride.”
Yes, the revolution is here, but its very arrival gives cause for hope. If revolutionary vanguards really can peacefully capture and transmute all high-status modes of cultural transmission, can that not happen again, but reversed? If the abolition of ordered liberty really can happen if it is willing to wait 230 years – like some slow canker, or the erosion of cliffs – can ordered liberty not plant seeds now to renew the orchard in many years’ time?

Once before Western civilization has gone down to near-ruin, with incalculable beauty and knowledge lost to the ravages of the fall of the Empire. As Lord Clark put it, “we got through by the skin of our teeth”. It is in this context of disaster and cultural survival, compared to our own, that MacIntyre prophesied the arrival of “another – doubtless very different – St Benedict”. Then, St Benedict and others gathered the breeding pairs of Classical culture on to a chronal ark to cross a tempestuous ocean. They believed in the concept of Stability so deeply that they swore to God to observe a perpetual vow of Stability, even as their world seemed to dissolve daily around them.

The monks of Lindisfarne and Iona illustrated manuscripts whilst harried by always-triumphant pagan raiders, burners of books and buildings; they carried the incorrupt corpse of St Cuthbert around for decades, waiting patiently for the day where he might be planted, both as seed for his own resurrection, but also the flowering of the Christian faith. His brethren had more heart to run than the pagan had to ride! His burying place – Durham Cathedral – shot up as a lithic sequoia amidst wooden huts in an isolated, savage corner of Europe. Temporarily inhabited by an apostate institution, the stone abides as a promise. It may take 300 or 500 years, but if you carry forward the flame, civilisation will come again.

Are conservatives supposed to be unmanned in the face of the baying mobs of iconoclasts, who even now in America drag down statues of men and women who fought (and died) for the cause of freedom the maniacs claim to own?  Are our bowels to turn to water because the universities ruthlessly pursue those of civilised conviction from their ranks? Do we leave the cultural field in the possession of the purveyors of pornography? These might sound like a hideous strength arrayed against us, unconquerable, but where the permanent-progressive can only ever live and value the solitary moment they inhabit, the conservative is aided by the shades of the past – “the communication // Of the dead is tongued with fire beyond the language of the living” – and inspired by the vision of great-grandchildren, both his and his neighbour’s. If we do nothing now, they will have tares for a culture; if we plant now, they will have a patrimony, which they will tend in their turn, til eventually, the orchard blooms again.

No comments:

Post a Comment